7,060 research outputs found

    Hydrazones as Singular Reagents in Asymmetric Organocatalysis

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    This Minireview summarizes strategies and developments regarding the use of hydrazones as reagents in asymmetric organocatalysis, their distinct roles in nucleophile–electrophile, cycloaddition, and cyclization reactions. The key structural elements governing the reactivity of these reagents in a preferred pathway will be discussed, as well as their different interactions with organocatalysts, leading to diverse activation modes. Along these studies, the synthetic equivalence of N-monoalkyl, N,N-dialkyl, and N-acyl hydrazones with several synthons is also highlighted. Emphasis is also put on the mechanistic studies performed to understand the observed reactivities. Finally, the functional group transformations performed from the available products has also been analyzed, highlighting the synthetic value of these methodologies, which served to access numerous families of valuable multifunctional compounds and nitrogen-containing heterocycles.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad CTQ2013-48164-C2-1-P, CTQ201348164-C2-2-PEuropean FEDER fundsJunta de Andalucía 2012/FQM 107

    Broadening of H2_2O rotational lines by collision with He atoms at low temperature

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    We report pressure broadening coefficients for the 21 electric-dipole transitions between the eight lowest rotational levels of ortho-H2_2O and para-H2_2O molecules by collisions with He at temperatures from 20 to 120 K. These coefficients are derived from recently published experimental state-to-state rate coefficients for H2_2O:He inelastic collisions, plus an elastic contribution from close coupling calculations. The resulting coefficients are compared to the available experimental data. Mostly due to the elastic contribution, the pressure broadening coefficients differ much from line to line, and increase markedly at low temperature. The present results are meant as a guide for future experiments and astrophysical observations.Comment: 2 figures, 2 table

    Artistic reconstruction of the appearance of Prosantorhinus Heissig, 1974, the teleoceratine rhinoceros from the Middle Miocene of Somosaguas

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    [EN] We show the methodology used to perform the artistic palaeoreconstruction of the teleoceratine rhinoceros Prosantorhinus, which is found in the middle Miocene fossil site of Somosaguas-Norte (Pozuelo de Alarcón, middle Aragonian). Successive phases within this work involved (1) the interpretation of the fossils in comparative anatomy terms; (2) the use of modern analogues, considering the systematic relationships among the extinct species and their extant relatives, which allows us to infer the condition of unpreserved attributes such as soft tissues; and (3) addition of palaeoecological information in order to establish the palaeoenvironmental framework of the species. Our fi nished work shows a plausible reconstruction of the inferred life appearance of Prosantorhinus.[ES] Mostramos la metodología usada para realizar la paleoreconstrucción artística del rinoceronte teleoceratino Prosantorhinus, el cual se encuentra en el yacimiento del Mioceno medio de Somosaguas-Norte (Pozuelo de Alarcón, Aragoniese medio). Las fases sucesivas dentro de este trabajo implicaron (1) la interpretación de los fósiles en términos de anatomía comparada; (2) el uso de análogos modernos, considerando las relaciones sistemáticas entre la especie extinta y sus parientes actuales, lo cual nos permitió inferir la condición de los atributos no preservados tales como tejidos blandos; y (3) la inclusión de información paleoecológica con la fi nalidad de establecer el contexto paleoambiental de la especie. El resultado fi nal muestra una reconstrucción plausible de la apariencia en vida inferida para Prosantorhinus.The authors also thank the Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI-CSIC) for the co-financing of this publication in Open Access.Peer reviewe

    Neutrino mixing and masses in a left-right model with mirror fermions

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    In the framework of a left-right model containing mirror fermions with gauge group SU(3)CSU(2)LSU(2)RU(1)Y_{C} \otimes SU(2)_{L} \otimes SU(2)_{R} \otimes U(1)_{Y^\prime}, we estimate the neutrino masses, which are found to be consistent with their experimental bounds and hierarchy. We evaluate the decay rates of the Lepton Flavor Violation (LFV) processes μeγ\mu \rightarrow e \gamma, τμγ\tau \rightarrow \mu \gamma and τeγ\tau \rightarrow e\gamma. We obtain upper limits for the flavor-changing branching ratios in agreement with their present experimental bounds. We also estimate the decay rates of heavy Majorana neutrinos in the channels NW±lN \rightarrow W^{\pm} l^{\mp}, NZνlN \rightarrow Z \nu_{l} and NHνlN \rightarrow H \nu_{l}, which are roughly equal for large values of the heavy neutrino mass. Starting from the most general Majorana neutrino mass matrix, the smallness of active neutrino masses turns out from the interplay of the hierarchy of the involved scales and the double application of seesaw mechanism. An appropriate parameterization on the structure of the neutrino mass matrix imposing a symmetric mixing of electron neutrino with muon and tau neutrinos leads to Tri-bimaximal mixing matrix for light neutrinos.Comment: Accepted by European Physical Journal

    Adverse effects derived from consumption of anabolic steroids in sport

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    Los esteroides anabólicos androgénicos son análogos sintéticos químicamente modificados de la testosterona. Desde su descubrimiento, a principios del siglo XX, su uso se ha extendido enormemente en el deporte profesional, y de forma más preocupante, en los adolescentes y adultos jóvenes. Ciertos valores culturales actuales marcan una línea temática que puede desembocar en el consumo de dichas sustancias. El consumo de esteroides anabólicos representa un problema de salud pública. Los efectos secundarios se han documentado extensamente, afectando a multitud de aparatos y sistemas. Dentro de los más relevantes, podemos mencionar los efectos adversos a nivel cardiovascular, psicológico, hepático, reproductivo, neuro-cognitivo, genético y musculo-esquelético. A pesar de los hallazgos evidenciados, muchos de ellos irreversibles, son necesarios nuevos estudios que otorguen mayor conocimiento en la materia

    La producción científica española en cirugía ortopédica y traumatología: su presencia en una base de datos internacional

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    Una manera de evaluar la calidad de la investigación desarrollada en un país es estudiar su presencia en una base de datos bibliográfica internacional. Se han analizado el número y el factor de impacto de los trabajos producidos por España en Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología que han sido recogidos por Science Citation Index durante los años 1986 a 1989. De un total de 12706 documentos que se habían originado en nuestro país, sólo 41 (0,3%) pertenecían al área temática referida, siendo 34 artículos y siete comunicaciones a congresos. El factor de impacto medio ha sido de 1,2 y el número medio de autores, 4. Nuestro país se encuadra dentro de los países con baja actividad y baja atracción en Cirugía Ortopé- dica y Traumatología. Estos hallazgos confirman, además de su escasa presencia en un índice bibliográfico internacional, el reducido valor que los autores extranjeros asignan a nuestra producción científica.The study of the presence in an international bibliographic data-base seems to be a suitable assessment of the quality of the research developed in a country. In this paper we analize the number and the impact-factor of the works produced in Spain in the field of orthopaedic surgery and traumatology which have been included in the Science Citation Index from 1986 to 1989. Out of 12706 documents produced in our country, only 41 (0,3%) corresponded to the field of orthopaedics. There were 34 articles and 7 congress contributions. The mean impact factor was 1,2 and the average of authors was 4. From these date, Spain can be considered to have low research activity and low atraction of the publications on orthopaedic surgery and traumatology. Apart from the scarce presence in an international citation, these findings confirm the limited value that international authors fine to our scientific production in this area

    Fibromatosis agresiva en hueco popliteo: A propósito de un caso

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    Se presenta un caso de una masa indolora en región posterior de la pierna en un varón de 35 años de crecimiento rápido, consistencia firme y mal delimitada. La resonancia magnética mostraba infiltración de músculos y tejido cellar subcutáneo, siendo sugestiva de fibromatois, tumor neurogénico o sarcoma de partes blandas. La biopsia incisional confirmó el diagnóstico de fibromatiosis agresiva. La resección amplia es el tratamiento aconsejado por la mayoría de autores, aunque en algunos casos y debido al carácter infiltrativo de la lesión es difícil resecarla ampliamente. La radioterapia se aconseja en los casos de resección y en los casos de recidiva.We present a case of a 35 year-old man who presented a fast growing painless mass localized in the posterior leg, which had at physical examination poorly defined contour and firm consistency. Magnetic resonance imaging showed local infiltration of muscle and subcutaneous cellular tissue, being suggestive of fibromatosis, neurogenic tumour, or soft tissue sarcoma. The incision biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of aggressive fibromatosis. Wide resection is the treatment recommended by most authors, although in some cases and due to the infiltration tendency of the tumour, it is difficult to achieve wide margins. Post-operative radiotherapy is recommended in cases of marginal resection and in case of recurrence

    Cierre quirúrgico en flexión versus extensión en artroplastias totales de rodilla

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    Se ha realizado un estudio prospectivo de 44 pacientes con gonartrosis primaria que fueron intervenidos con artroplastia total de rodilla con el objeto de determinar las diferencies en cuanto a la movilidad final de la rodilla dependiendo del cierre quirúrgico en flexión o en extensión. Se formaron dos grupos con similares características de homogeneidad respecto al sexo, edad, peso corporal y arco de movilidad previa, no existiendo diferencies significativas entre los grupos en la valoración preoperatoria. En el primer grupo se incluyeron 22 pacientes donde se había realizado la sutura de la cápsula articular y del plano muscular y cutáneo en flexión de 70º a 90º; el segundo grupo estaba formado por otros 22 pacientes en los que se realizó la sutura con la rodilla en extensión completa. En todos los pacientes se implantó el mismo modelo artroplástico y todos siguieron el mismo protocolo de rehabilitación postoperatoria. La evaluación clínica se realizó en el momento del alta hospitalaria, al mes, tres y seis meses, siguiendo la escala del Hospital for Special Surgery. Se apreció un arco de movilidad y puntuación clínica mayor en el grupo de rodillas suturadas en extensión, con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa, en los controles realizados en el alta hospitalaria y al mes de la intervención. A los seis meses no se apreciaron diferencias entre ambos grupos. La posición de la rodilla en el cierre quirúrgico de una artroplastia no afecta a su funcionalidad.In a prospective study, 44 patients with primary osteoarthritis of the knee undergoing total knee arthroplasty were compared to determine whether surgical closure of the entire wound in flexion had any effect on the postoperative range of motion over a period of six months. In twenty-two patients the knee was surgically closed in 70º to 90º flexion. In the second group of 22 patients, knees were closed in extension. There was no significant difference between groups respect to age, gender, weight and preoperative range of motion. All of the patients were operated on by the same team of surgeons and with the same type of prosthesis. Both groups of patients received a standardized exercise program during their hospitalization. All patients were evaluated following the parameters of the Hospital for Special Surgery score at discharge from the hospital, at first month, third and sixth month after operation. At all the intervals, both the flexion measurements and function scores were better in the flexion closure group, although we only found statically significant difference at discharge and at the first month postoperatively. The position of the knee in the surgical closing of an arthroplasty doesn't affected o functionality
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